Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Wallace Hume Carothers A History of Nylon

Wallace Carothers can be considered the father of the science of man-made polymers and the man responsible for the invention of nylon and neoprene. The man was a brilliant chemist, inventor and scholar, and a troubled soul. Despite an amazing career, Wallace Carothers held more than fifty patents; however, the inventor, unfortunately, ended his own life. Background and Education Wallace Carothers was born in Iowa and first studied accounting and later studied science (while teaching accounting) at Tarkio College in Missouri. While still an undergraduate student, Wallace Carothers became the head of the chemistry department. Wallace Carothers was talented in chemistry but the real reason for the appointment was a personnel shortage due to the war effort (WWI). He received both a Masters degree and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois and then became a professor at Harvard, where he started his research into chemical structures of polymers in 1924. Working for DuPont In 1928, the DuPont chemical company opened a research laboratory for the development of artificial materials, deciding that basic research was the way to go — not a common path for a company to follow at the time. Wallace Carothers left his position at Harvard to lead Duponts research division. A basic lack of knowledge of polymer molecules existed when Wallace Carothers began his work there. Wallace Carothers and his team were the first to investigate the acetylene family of chemicals. Neoprene and Nylon In 1931, DuPont started to manufacture neoprene, a synthetic rubber created by Carothers lab. The research team then turned their efforts towards a synthetic fiber that could replace silk. Japan was the United States main source of silk, and trade relations between the two countries were breaking apart. By 1934, Wallace Carothers had made significant steps toward creating synthetic silk by combining the chemicals amine, hexamethylene diamine, and adipic acid to create a new fiber formed by the polymerizing process and known as a condensation reaction. In a condensation reaction, individual molecules join with water as a byproduct. Wallace Carothers refined the process (since the water produced by the reaction was dripping back into the mixture and weakening the fibers) by adjusting the equipment so that the water was distilled and removed from the process making for stronger fibers. According to Dupont Nylon emerged from research on polymers, very large molecules with repeating chemical structures, that Dr. Wallace Carothers and his colleagues conducted in the early 1930s at DuPonts Experimental Station. In April 1930, a lab assistant working with esters — compounds which yield an acid and an alcohol or phenol in reaction with water — discovered a very strong polymer that could be drawn into a fiber. This polyester fiber had a low melting point, however. Carothers changed course and began working with amides, which were derived from ammonia. In 1935, Carothers found a strong polyamide fiber that stood up well to both heat and solvents. He evaluated more than 100 different polyamides before choosing one [nylon] for development. Nylon: Miracle Fiber In 1935, DuPont patented the new fiber known as nylon. Nylon, the miracle fiber, was introduced to the world in 1938. In a 1938 Fortune magazine article, it was written that nylon breaks the basic elements like nitrogen and carbon out of coal, air, and water to create a completely new molecular structure of its own. It flouts Solomon. It is an entirely new arrangement of matter under the sun, and the first completely new synthetic fiber made by man. In over four thousand years, textiles have seen only three basic developments aside from mechanical mass production: mercerized cotton, synthetic dyes, and rayon. Nylon is a fourth. Wallace Carothers Tragic End In 1936, Wallace Carothers married Helen Sweetman, a fellow employee at DuPont. They had a daughter, but tragically Wallace Carothers committed suicide before the birth of this first child. It was likely that Wallace Carothers was a severe manic-depressive, and the untimely death of his sister in 1937 added to his depression. A fellow Dupont researcher, Julian Hill, had once observed Carothers carrying what turned out to be a ration of the poison cyanide. Hill remarked that Carothers could list all the famous chemists who had committed suicide. In April of 1937, Wallace Hume Carothers consumed that ration of poison himself and added his own name to that list.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Business Portfolio - 1120 Words

Business Writing Portfolio Business Writing Portfolio Jacky Baker COM/285 January 04, 2011 Kenneth Mack Part I: Business Writing Steps Planning Analyzing the problem, defining your purposes, and analyzing the audience. Brainstorming information, benefits, and objections to include in the document. Gathering the information you need—from the message you’re answering, a person, a book, or the Web. Choosing a pattern of organization, making an outline, creating a list, writing headings. Writing Putting words on paper or on a screen. Writing can be lists, fragmentary notes, stream-of-consciousness writing, incomplete drafts, and ultimately a formal draft. Revising Evaluating your work and measuring†¦show more content†¦Store managers. 2. Store employees. 3. Retail customers and the public. * Identify the communication channels. 1. Oral or written * What the message is intended to do 1. Persuade, inform, praise or shock. †¢ Organize 1. The structure and format of the message. 2. Keep communication clear and concise. 3. Proofread the message. 4. Deliver the message. †¢ Follow-up 1. Was the message clear to the audience? 2. Does the audience have additional questions? 3. Any extra communication required? Part II: Portfolio Business Letter: Store Managers Torres Clothing and Sales 1234 Jose Ave Ponce, PR 00123 November 8, 2010 Mr. XXXXXXX 1234 Jose Ave Ponce, PR 00123 RE: Torres Clothing and Sales Retail Stores Modified Operations Dear XXXXXXX We would like to thank you for your dedication and hard work you have provided this company over the years. You may be aware of the increases in operational costs. Trying to battle against these higher costs without affecting our employees, we want to take this opportunity to inform you of the upcoming changes to our retail chains. These changes should ease your current position, save our employees’ money and time, and in the end guarantee the survival of our company. Effective December 1, 2010, a workday will consist of 10 hours. Full-time employees will stillShow MoreRelatedPortfolio of Business Writing4629 Words   |  19 PagesBusiness Writing Portfolio Introduction: A portfolio is a collection of evidence that represents achievements and learning within a module, course or a program of a study. This portfolio that am going to write is about Business Writing course that I’m taking in this semester. As all other students who took Business Writing, it s about understanding the audience; in this course I have learned that our goal is to adapt our message to fit the audience s needs, goals and interest. ThisRead MoreReflective Portfolio Of Business And Management2595 Words   |  11 Pages Assessment 2 Reflective Portfolio Subject: -strategic management B.A. in Business and Management University of Northampton, United Kingdom Tutor: Miriam Seifert By: Heelly Vaghasiya (UON I/D: 14439316) Acknowledgement I am very pleasure to have this chance to say thank you to everybody who emphasized me all throughout my study period. I am very appreciative for their help, direction, significantly positive feedback and neighborly counsel amid my assignment. I am genuinely appreciativeRead MoreManaging Business Intelligence Applications Portfolio912 Words   |  4 Pageswhole new perspective to the business and the work. After a couple of years in Finance and accounting job, I got big break at Oracle consulting as a software consultant. I spent next many years focusing on learning application technology, understanding business processes, solving business problems, and travelling the world. Currently I manage business intelligence applications portfolio at one of the largest retailer in US. During recent business updates I saw many business opportunities that were enabledRead MoreBusiness Portfolio994 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Business Writing Steps Targeted Audience: Store Managers Store Employees Customers and the Public Form of communications for various audiences: Store Managers: Business Letter Store Employees: Memo Customers and Public: E-mail Part II: Store Managers Business Letter Just For Me Clothing 123 Retail Row ï  ³ Clarksville ï  ³ Tennessee ï  ³ 37042 ï  ³ (479) 876-5432 ï  ³ www.justforme.com March 27, 2012 Store Managers Just For Me Clothing 108 W. Any Street Rogers, TNRead MoreBusiness Writing Portfolio1103 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Writing Portfolio Jordan Pappas COM/285 February 27th, 2011 Randi Plante Business Writing Portfolio Part I: Business Writing Steps. Audience: Store Manager Store Employees Customers and the public Message Format: Business Letter- Store Manager Business Memo- Store Employees Email Message- Customers and Public Part II: Portfolio Letter: 1456 Duke St. Alexandria, VA 22314 February 27, 2011 Dear Store Manager, Due to rising gas prices store policy on employeeRead MoreDisney Business : The Diversification Of Their Business Portfolio1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Walt Disney business model lies in the diversification of their business portfolio. They cover all sectors of entertainment, in addition to their well-known parks and resorts. They own major television networks like ABC and ESPN, and movie studios like Marvel Entertainment and Lucasfilms. They meet their customer’s needs in a variety of ways in order to deliver value. Disney has a great management system because they are able to deal with each part of their corporation so effectively. TheirRead MorePortfolio Business Plan4389 Words   |  18 PagesParadox Software Business Plan Name Founder 2222 West Code Street Medford, OR 97501 (541) 882-6568 towhomitmayconcern@paradoxsoft.com February 28th, 2016 A. Executive Summary 4 A1. Company Identification: 4 A2. Mission of the Company: 4 A4. Keys to Success: 4 B. Company Summary 6 B1. Industry History: 6 B2. Legal Form of Ownership: 6 B3. Location and Facilities: 6 B4. Management Structure: 6 B5. Products and Services: 6 C. Market Analysis 8 C1. Target Market 8 C2. IndustryRead MoreBusiness Portfolio Objectives And Constraints1828 Words   |  8 PagesBENCHMARK WITH BUSINESS PORTFOLIO OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS †¢ A major stumbling point within benchmark creation is that the mandates of the benchmark must match the mandates of the portfolio; this issue is often raised when a portion of the portfolio is Buy and Maintain †¢ To control for this, partition the portfolio into two blocks: â€Å"Block ND† is Buy and Maintain (Non-Discretionary) and so the portfolio manager should be measured by credit migration and default relative to market over portfolio lifetimeRead MoreSample Resume : Business Portfolio2343 Words   |  10 PagesTitle: Business Portfolio Date: Business Recruitment Portfolio- Compumend Image Authors: Ali Alsulaiti, (100319258) Anastasija Jermolajeva, (100337918) Matar Alsereidi, (100360934) Table of Contents JOB DESCRIPTION3 Identification data3 Organisational data3 Organizational chart:3 Job summary3 Job content4 Working conditions4 Other duties4 Person Specification5 Qualities and attributes5 Job Advertisement:7 SWOT Analysis:8 PESTLE ANALYSIS9 Portfolio Rationale:11Read MoreSelf Starter, A Successful Track Record Of Project Managing798 Words   |  4 Pagesestablish and maintain effective, cooperative working relationships with many departments and organizational levels †¢ Experience working with investment advisors, portfolio managers and institutional investors †¢ Proficient in widely-used financial software including the CPMS suite of products, PALTrak, Advisor Workstation, Portfolio Builder, Hypothetical Illustrator, Bloomberg, and Morningstar Direct †¢ Creative in the ability to create compelling new sales ideas and to suggest improvement ideas

Running Head Marketing

Question : How you will go marketing a product or sevice, include situational analysis. swot analysis, customer and competitor analysis,4Ps of the marketing mix ? Answer : Introduction Marketing a product and convincing the customers to buy it, is one of the techniques which is difficult to handle and yet too convincing task. In present era, there are so many alternatives of the same product that there is a dilemma as to which companies would be able to provide with the best services as and so when required. If one is buying a mobile from a shop, then he/she has to find what other mobile phones are coming in the same range, he has chosen. There is a need to be fully (Kotabe Helsen, 2014) equipped with all the knowledge so that he does not regret with the product quality later, rather try to hover more on his choice. This is only possible when the management of the product and the customer relationship management has been properly taken into consideration. As per the organisational development, the history of the organisation is well-settled and people are continuously being employed to work in it to enhance the productivity and creativity factor. All over the worl d, Samsung has tried to spread its recognition, thereby, allocating more than 5lakh people in the different countries especially almost all countries like Australia, India etc. the output being increasingly appreciating for all those who want to earn profit and revenue from it. Summary Heading towards the development, one has to face all the technology changes as well as difference in the factor to upgrade the operating system in the Samsung mobile phones especially. The phenomenon could be ranging from the more focused approached to a higher differential ranging factor, which supports the basic distribution of the product. In mobile phones especially of Samsung, there are problems of battery, operating system and its updation. Generally the updates are seen to come on it after a long time with no guarantee on the older phone software. The people have to lure to a market share which is definitely increasing, with the launch of new product of the same company. Hence, here, one can experience a lot of humdrum along with many opportunities striking the way. The sellers have the best experience and they are able to advice a proper defined ranged according to the 4Ps of marketing, which they follow, namely, product, promotion, price, and place. The Samsung Mobile phones have to target the customers and retain them to position their aim at the right product within the time limit. The mobiles have become a status symbol for many and those of whom try looking forward to those which are best according to the comparison with other brands. The product is said to be properly processed from the wholesaler to the customer and there is a benefit to every person in this transaction. Situational Analysis Political forces The packages and the material is under the trial purpose so that any disturbance or woes can easily be managed according to the duties levied on them. The launch of a product and the development of the opportunities try to knock the doors which will help in keeping the market trend high and generate the better environment with new demands and opportunities. There is enforcement of the political factors like the taxation on the Samsung mobile product according to the organisational set which varies from time to time and according to the manufacturing of the mobile phone. There is a more specific arrangement which varies according to the international and national markets where the rates of the product vary as per the product instability. Economic forces The policy to have certain margin generally fights the forces to economic factors which have the confidence to gear up the savings of a customer and driving them to better credential factors which leads to the level of employment. (Woodside, 2014). The Samsung mobile company has to consider and bring out the better revenue yearly so that they can manufacture the products on a larger scale with new technologies. This surely helps in assigning work for the unemployed people with the exchange in the rates and the growth. Socio-cultural forces There are certain extensions of the product which improves and revised the existence of the positioning, trying to come up with lessened cost and improved product approach. The concept to test and market the prototype generally depends on how the market is launched and the opportunities depends on the way to scan the marketing success and development. This will help to maintain the imaginative cultural and the socio-cultural environment to create and effective communication with the customers of the shopkeepers. Depending upon the demand of the customers, there is a variable transaction which variants as per the frequency with which the product is being purchased. There is a possibility that Samsung has to face competition with the other mobile phone companies but it is the customer who has to be rigid to decide that it is a long lasting less problematic and easy servicing organisation, providing the benefits to the people on their loyal work. Technological forces The transaction to settle up the strategies of the customer tries to benefit from the society which will have orientation turning the table according to the opportunities that lie on the way. The Samsung mobile company tries to focus more on how to shift towards the values and the competitive approach which has a development to reach the technology, attain a better economic effect on the income and the rules and regulations are being receptive, accordingly. The Mobile Company Samsung sometimes have to undergo a great work of analysing, which will bring a different approach to the rise in technology. The recent introduction of the Samsung note series tries to fully induce all the features, suitable for the customer and to be able enough to operate in the need. Legal Forces In order to determine the opportunity which has a variance in the segmentation and the annual usage, there is a growth which anticipates the marginal use, with the varying strengths according to the change in the concept and the conceptualised response. The legalities and the forces which are required to follow by Samsung Company are under a proper guidance and there are certain engineers allotted to look for the same. Conventionally trying to place in all the training forces, the Trading act of practicing, have its impact, leading to a rise in the development of (Chaston, 2014) the product as per the product management. Competitor Analysis The competition in the market is growing with time. With the eruption of different technologies, all the people want to be engrosses in such type of system which is able to maintain and improve their phone quality. This is one of the range which defines building a better reputation and Samsung Mobiles have successfully tried to do so with their differential trademark on their mobile phone. The pure oligopoly competition at each level defines the monthly budget of the mobile and the brand name is affected according to that. The companies try to fight with the other brands to reach the level of competition, trying to bring a raise to the standard. Customer and client Analysis The customer retention is only possible if he/she is properly trained to acknowledge that the product he/she is buying if of the best quality and it will clearly differentiate the cycle to exam the different extensional approach. The customers of Samsung mobile phones try to examine how many schemes and cashback are available which bring a fixation to the size and the marketing structure. To conceptualise with the needs of the customer and profitability, there is a need to create a policy which will be able to manage all the products with a great efficiency and segmentation, trying to outline and label the marketing sales which will be important to segment the convenience and health, modifying approaches which leads to sustainability and the quality, in the best schemes provided. SWOT Analysis The people via different locations are able to track that where they will be able to get the product in the best price range. There are Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats which try to lay down the basic system of management. Strength The people are directly able to lead to a favourable factor which is basically supporting the external organisations, directly influencing the factors which can affect the characteristics. There is a need to remember and examine how the opportunities are engaged which will lead to an organisational set-up of the Samsung mobile Company along with management of the financial set-up. Opportunity There are certain strategies which are important to be met to attain a specific and measurable approach which will be able to have better action in time as per the reasonable and timed schedule. There is a need to set up strategy which will have differentiation in the cost as per the strategies and the focus will lead to mainly setting up the mind of the customers with higher quality. Weakness There are times when the companies are not able to promote their product according to their availability. This can lead to a downgrading impact in the market as the customer wont be happy with the work and the money spent to publicise it. The Samsung Company tries to hide all its weakness, thereby, bringing an overall cover-up to the situations, which can lead to stability of all the factors like revenue and profitability of the organisation. Threats The positioning and the promotion along with the product and the pricing scheme tries to mainly influence the strategies as per the addressing scenario which has an appropriate addressing to the discussions which will be able to organise the product and the services. There are other competitors in the market who try to bring a strong impact on the company rise and it is the organisation itself who has to take care of its existence. Financial and Marketing Objectives In order to bring the technologies in hand, the customer has to be assured that the organisation is going to work hand-in-hand, providing all the essential services as soon as the problem is logged into it. Specific- The work of increasing marketing strategy is generally within its limit with an approach to systematically program all the technologies, intending to a larger customer demand in the market. Measurable- The product can be measured in terms of dollars or the currency, according to which it is achieving success. Achievable- one can achieve the objective which would lead to a better and a smart approach to buy mobile Realistic- The people have a desire where they can differentiate and communicate more on the factors which will have specific hold on the market with a measuring approach, leading to different actions. Time Specific- It is required to achieve the target in time to balance the analysis of the management revenue. Overall Marketing Strategy The effective cost to manage the leadership cost and efficiently planning the range of the product which is comparable yet effective enough to attract the Samsung customer to buy the product. This will achieve the realistic approach and improve the level of success, thereby, maximising sales along with a proper funding to the organisation. Segmentation Targeting Market The research is mainly for discussing that the preference factor should be more to buy those which have and provide a better trending information leading to a coverage of the price and advertise the product to reach higher standards of sale. The brand and the packaging factor generally attracts the people, convincing them to sale the procedures as per the development approach, leading to remain in the ideas which will be modified and launched only after being tested by the customer. Marketing Mix Strategy Product- The marketing strategy generally tries to aim towards the production strategy which will be able to include the brand and try to keep the price as per the demand of the general regular customers. Price- The plans are exercised as per the information which will end up with a proficient technology as well as the price available in the market in order to maintain a competency factor too. Promotion- There are places where the promotion and advertisements through posters can help people acknowledge about the new product of Samsung in the market. Place- The distribution of the mobile phones are not equal. This could be tracked with how much demand has been there in a particular city, which will enable to enhance marketing in a certain area. Budget Implementation The planning and the budgeting plan is implemented as per the yearly sale. The records help in detecting whether people are interested in buying the phone or not. On implementing the survey and researches, it was found that many people run after Samsung mobiles as there is a great promotion of every product in the market awakening the customer to be updated with all the updates and the functioning in their mobile phones. Evaluation Control To control the product, there is a need to take feedback from the customer on the usage which will notify how the product is helpful or ruining their need. It is very important to look whether the customer is satisfied with the plan or not which will evaluate the process according the refinement plan. The assurance to directly attach with the achievable and realistic objectives will outline the need of the customer. Conclusion With the efforts of coming up with new and efficient technologies, the people try to mainly try and use the recent technology product which will outline their personality as per the evaluation. The decisions of the purchase of the product has to be minutely decided and discussed because it will ultimately effect the product share and the preferential rate will automatically affect the demand with which the people are reviewing the group products as well as other products. Reference Chaston, I. (2014).Small business marketing. Palgrave Macmillan. Woodside, A. G. (2014). A Primer to the General Theory of Behavioral Strategies in Business-to-Business Marketing.Field Guide to Case Study Research in Business-to-Business Marketing and Purchasing (Advances in Business Marketing and Purchasing, Volume 21) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,21, 147-166. Kotabe, M. M., Helsen, K. (2014).Global marketing management. Wiley Global Education.